What is plagiarism Example For Students

What is plagiarism? Every academic year, students write hundreds of academic papers cutting across different subjects and topics processing tons of information from various academic materials. Plagiarism, in this regard, can become a real problem, especially if students lack information literacy. That’s why it is imperative that they stick to rules and guidelines of scholastic writing that govern the conduct of research. For example, writing a plagiarism-free paper is something that teachers and supervisors will always emphasize. Their aim is to help learners steer clear of plagiarising. However, not every student lives to such expectations even after being advised against copying and pasting content from other sources. In this regard, information literacy is indeed a crucial aspect to note. We will write a custom essay on What is plagiarism? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Sometimes, plagiarism happens because not many students understand what it means to present original ideas after weeks of research. Thus, a question many students ask is this: What is plagiarising? Well, to help you understand how serious a crime it is, let’s start by looking at its definition. Outline1 Plagiarism Definition1.1 Why does it matter?2 Examples of Plagiarism Plagiarism Definition From your first year in a college/University to the forth or beyond, plagiarism is a term a student will often encounter. It could be during studies or when doing research on an idea about which you want to write. There are several other definitions that shed light onto what plagiarising means. First off, many dictionaries put it as stealing ideas or using existing ones of another person as if they were your own. A good example is copying a few lines from Martin Luther’s speech ‘I have a dream’ without quoting the opening words or even giving due credit to the author. The fact that you fail to credit your write-up to a source amounts to an act of plagiarism. In other quarters, plagiarism equals literary theft, in which case, a student reads a book then copies it verbatim. Why does it matter? You would agree that the work based on the original research would fetch the highest marks. But a question most students also ask is why it would matter to use exact words from a source and give attribution. Also, is it possible to steal ideas from a source and claim they are your own? The truth is that we live in the information age and anything can happen. It is also noteworthy that over the past years, plagiarism has steadily got worse a trend that is projected to continue. We, therefore, only hope that with the help of plagiarism checker systems or software, teachers and students can steer clear of the academic vice. Given that it has become a serious problem that continues to bedevil productivity of learners, plagiarism merits for a discussion-especially how to get rid of it. You don’t want to spend weeks or even months on academic research only to be told your paper lacks citation or quotation marks in some sections. By giving credit to borrowed information, you are admitting that with the help of an indispensable source of knowledge such as a book, words or ideas, the content of your essay is scholastic. More reasons why checking your paper for plagiarism matters include the following: ï‚ ·Information literacy: Definitively, plagiarism is a literary offence and committing it is punishable in many different ways. Your teacher may request that you redo an assignment for failing to employ your own reasoning, to apply knowledge or information. In the end, you are regarded as less informed. ï‚ · An act of plagiarism can earn a student suspension or expulsion from school. It is because the aim of every academic institution, with the help of teachers, is to help learners become dependable people in society. However, such a question would be immaterial if one keeps copying and pasting content from published materials. Take note that plagiarising is also when you keep recycling words in your old essays. .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807 , .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807 .postImageUrl , .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807 , .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807:hover , .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807:visited , .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807:active { border:0!important; } .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807:active , .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807 .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua57c2d6333fe0047671a38cc07ced807:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ultimate Guide on How to Avoid Plagiarismï‚ ·By stealing words, ideas and information from other materials, you are in the same category as someone who goes out to steal another person’s property such as a phone. Thus, an act of plagiarism does not preserve moral standing, but rather, destroys it! ï‚ ·There is pride in publishing original knowledge on a subject, discipline or topic. It is the wish of everyone who wants to become a scholar after schooling for many years. However, plagiarism can hardly allow you to make such a dream come true. When you fail to attribute a source, give credit to a book or present a paper that lacks citations and references, it amounts to plagiarising. Examples of Plagiarism Now, to further help you understand how plagiarism takes places, here is a look at some examples: ï‚ ·Plagiarism is writing down a saying or part of speech without using quotation marks. ï‚ · Plagiarism is when you do a research, write down literature review but fail to quote an author(s) in your citation. If you are copying word for word, use citations to indicate that the ideas are not your own. ï‚ ·Copying and pasting ideas from existing materials/information or borrowing ideas then failing to identify their original source is plagiarism. You can also refer to it as the opposite of information literacy a case of failing to do original research and overly relying on published knowledge by another author to write a paper or report. ï‚ ·Downloading a picture or video to use in your presentation is plagiarism, in other words – stealing ideas from other authors. ï‚ ·Plagiarism is violating copyrights or intellectual property rights, say of a music record or a published book by using any of such without knowledge of or express permission from the original owner. In summary, plagiarism is a crime, mostly academic, that everyone must strive to avoid. Information derived from whatever material is at the centre of it all. Given that a comprehensive and dependable academic paper must represent varied opinions, including your own, it is imperative that students avoid plagiarising content by always attributing an author, book or material in their essays and other write-ups.

Darkness Visible Essay Example

Darkness Visible Essay Example Darkness Visible Essay Darkness Visible Essay Darkness Visible When I began reading Darkness Visible I was at first confused about what William Styron was trying to convey with his immense vocabulary. It was very confusing how the story shifted from place to place in his life. I could not understand what he was saying. Styron is an extremely intelligent man. You can see this by the way he associates many of his experiences described in the book. His analysis of what depression is, where it comes from, how it started, and various other topics show the reader how intelligent this man really is. Depression is one of the most common psychological problems in the United States. According to our textbook 17% of Americans experience an acute episode of depression, and as in William Styron?s case, 6% experience a more chronic depression. It seems as if rates of depression decrease the more people age. In Styron?s case however, the onset of his depression came at a much later age. His father had a history of depression and depression is known to run in families. I believe Styron?s depression began after the death of his mother when he was thirteen years old. This is evident when reading some of his other depression, styron, alcohol, people, depressed, after, major, very, symptoms, person, paris, medication, help, trying, should, point, one, hospital, felt, features, drug, better, before, suicide, styron?s, something, sleeping, prescribe, patient, out, nardil, make, halcion, experience, day, case

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Marketing - Essay Example The findings of the study will pave way for enhanced research in the field of customer satisfaction. The core concepts of relationship marketing, service quality and customer loyalty will be primarily dealt within this literature analysis. All the above three concepts are very much important in retaining the existing customers and to bring in new customers. A proper attention to these concepts will help in producing long term profitability for the organization. The literature analysis will be based on the impact of these concepts on the current retail sector and its relationship with customer satisfaction. 2.2. The Retail Industry Retailing may be described as the concept of marketing or selling the goods based on the customer choice and needs, on behalf of various organizations that produce such goods. (Gilbert, 1999) It is the concept of effective management of resources based on the needs and aspirations of the customers. (Davies, 1993) The study conducted by Peterson & Balasubram anian (2002) puts forward the strong argument that retailing has evolved and transformed a lot since the beginning of the 21st century. As per their views, the internet revolution is the main reason for such a massive change in retailing and marketing. Internet is the foundation of new age marketing. (Hamel & Sampler, 1998) The other factors that have lead to the transformation of retailing are Globalization, development in technologies and the ever changing customer behavior. Retailing is no more a small story at present. From smaller shops in the primitive years, a present day retail store covers acres of land. Multinational corporations consider retailing as a high growth segment. (Raff & Schmitt, 2009) The authors argue that the main driving force of the retail segment are the increased scope of importing goods from low wage countries and the economies of scale due to large scale importing. The changes in the retail scenario has made evolved and transformed the customers along w ith it. Customers today are more demanding and segmented. The most advanced form of retailing in the present age is internet marketing in which goods are traded through digital interface. It is also called internet marketing or e-marketing by which goods as well as services are rendered online to the customers. (El-Gohary et al., 2008) Chaffey (2010) defines it as â€Å"achieving marketing objectives through applying digital technologies†. Online marketing is advantageous to the customers as well as the traders especially on the price front. However, Gallagher & Gilmore (2004) argues that the benefits of online marketing have not yet been used completely by small businesses. The culture of an organization has a very vital role in determining how well an organization successfully adapts to internet marketing. (El-Gohary et al., 2008; Hofacker, 2001; Luna et al., 2003; Nantes & Glaser, 2008; Yasin & Yavas, 2007; Gong, 2009). The other important factors that determine the succes s of internet marketing are trust (Wang et al., 2009), security (Seounmi & Lee, 2009), customer acceptance and involvement (El-Gohary et al., 2008). Among these, trust plays a major role as online marketing involves the purchase of a product without physically feeling the product. In countries like UK, the online sales are backed by the specialization of major logistics companies like

International Relations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Relations - Assignment Example Study of international relationship also pertains to finding amicable means towards the resolution of the problems faced through diplomatic engagement of the parties (Wilkinson 2007). Realism is based on the mindset of military might, war hysteria and aiming to gain maximum ground against the rivals. The military empowerment and use of force as a means to protecting oneself makes up for the main idea of realism. In practical scenario, the Cold war era depicted the realism in terms of international relationship. In the light of realism, the countries aimed at establishing their influence by providing military and other forms of assistance that was directed towards a less safe world. Liberalism on the other hand does not stress for hardcore usage and empowering oneself with the state of the art military equipment and arsenal, instead it advocates the presence of intergovernmental organizations such as United Nations and other associated entities. The NATO and other economic entities established for purpose of economic corporation make up for liberalism model. Economic prosperity and Mutual Corporation is sought as an alternate to realism. Liberalism aims at finding hope for mutual co existence. A state is characterized by number of factors. These are total of four factors. These factors include presence of territory with fix defined boundary. The second variable of state is that of population. A specific amount of people is a necessary factor for a group of people to be declared a state. The third factor is presence of government within that would be administered over the people and internal affairs. The fourth basic element of a state is it should be able to engage itself in relationship and exchange of views, dialogue with the foreign world. This comes in the form of recognition of the global community. The recognition may be done

Effect of Greek Financial Crisis on the British Economy Essay

Effect of Greek Financial Crisis on the British Economy - Essay Example During the early days of 2010 sovereign debt was a subject of attention for the whole world. Sovereign debt is the total debt owed by a sovereign country like Greece to its creditors. As a result of this crisis, there was a panic in the financial market worldwide and euro suffered a huge decline in its value. Greece was helped by the EU and IMF to provide them with loans that could rescue the situation. This can be a short term solution to the problem but the obligations of long term debt will still persist or may even get worse (Abboushi, â€Å"Abstract†). David Cameron in one of his statements warned that British economy will suffer more due to this euro zone crisis. It remains a threat to the future of euro. There had been a decline in the growth rate of employment, especially in public sector of UK. The investors are losing confidence in the market and the financial market in UK suffered a setback. A deep recession is on the cards if the situation is not handled carefully. More support for the banking sector is needed and the Government should be forced to take some emergency steps to help improve the financial system, before the crisis worsens further. Even though Britain is not a part of euro zone, still budgetary deficit concerns of the country should be addressed immediately. British banks already hold a considerable amount of debt in Greece, which can be an area of major concern. Moreover, with Greece defaulting to pay their debts, the problem can spread over nations like Spain and Italy where UK has a much larger investment. In addition to this, euro zone is one of the biggest trading partners of UK, so obviously this crisis can have an impounding effect on UK’s economy if other big European economies falter (PRLog, â€Å"How the Greek economy can affect us all†). 2. Changes in the NHS led by the UK Government UK government took a bold step towards reforming National Health Services (NHS) in the country. There had been many major changes in NHS structure due to this decision of UK government and it is for the first time in the history of NHS that such radical changes are taking place. Hospitals are no longer under NHS. General Practitioners (GPs) and not the management bodies now have a huge role and responsibility and are in charge of major part of the budget. This move resulted in abolition of all the 10 strategic health authorities as well as 152 primary care trusts which are the management bodies of NHS. Most of the budget of NHS is now in the hands of GPs only and they have the authority to plan out things accordingly. The GPs are now to decide on the spending of NHS. This new re-structuring of NHS gives way to the development of a new board which is independent of any kind of political influence. It is completely an independent body now and has control over its own accountability. Health of public is now the responsibility of local authorities. NHS industry is now more of a top-down design with GPs sit ting at the top level. The patients are now being provided with more information through ‘HealthWatch’, a new type of body specially designed for the purpose. The patients now have the option to choose the GP according to their own wish and get registered with them. Since its inception in the year 1948, NHS has never experienced such drastic changes. Now the question remains as to what benefits these changes will bring to the people and the

The Importance Of Costs In The Pricing Strategy Accounting Essay

The Importance Of Costs In The Pricing Strategy Accounting Essay It is very important for companies to have a good pricing strategy as it than permits them to earn good profit margin on its product or services and at the same time making it appealing to the customers. Pricing strategies are very important part of business and different organisation spend large sum of money and effort to devise effective and efficient pricing strategies. Following are different types of pricing strategies that different business organisations use in order to attract customers and at the same time to earn profit: Competition Pricing; Psychological Pricing; Cost based Pricing; Price Skimming. Absorption costing The formula that is used by different organisations to calculate the price is:   Selling price. = Cost + profit Cost based pricing: One of the strategies is cost based pricing. This strategy involves first the calculation of the fixed cost and the variable cost of the specific product or service that is offered by an organisation. Once the total cost is calculated than the profit margin is added to each unit i.e. it can 5%, 7% or 9%. The cost based pricing strategy is very efficient strategy as it covers all the costs related to product and service and it also covers the desired profit. Although this strategy looks very simple and easy to use and managers only have to do some financial calculations in order to determine the price of the product or service that is being delivered. But the problem with this strategy is that it doesnt consider the external factors such as market or the competition that also have massive impact on pricing. But as this strategy is very old and the organisation only has to process the internal information to calculate the price thats why it is very popular. The organisation can also justify the prices that have been allocated on the basis of their cost and also prove that the price is the sum of the total cost and the profit. Absorption costing principles: Absorption costing is another costing technique that is widely used it involves the allocation of all the costs that have been incurred by the business organisation to each of its product or the service they offer. This strategy enables them to estimate whether the product will make profit in future or not. During the cost allocation process some assumptions are also made as some costs are fixed and some are variable which depend on the level of production. When absorption costing system is used the profit that are reported by the organisation depend on the level of production and the level of sales by the firm, this is due to the fact the fixed manufacturing overhead is absorbed in the value of work in progress goods and also in the finished goods. But if at the end of the accounting period the stock is not sold out than the fixed manufacturing overhead cost is transferred to the next period. Marginal costing principles: Marginal costing is another significant costing strategy. This strategy gives importance to the behavioural characteristics of the costs. The two elements of the cost are first separated i.e. variable cost in which the cost per unit is same and the total cost changes depending on the level of production and the second element is fixed cost in which the total cost is same irrespective of level of production. It is not very easy to separate fixed and variable costs, the organisation simplify the information to do this and sometimes it is not very accurate. But this costing strategy is very helpful for business organisations to perform different activities such as decision making and short term planning. In this costing system the variable cost is subtracted from the sales revenue to calculate the contribution margin of each product i.e. the amount each product has contributed to cover the total fixed cost that business organisation has sustained. And then the fixed cost is subtracted f rom the contribution margin as fixed cost is treated as period cost and then the net profit is found. 1.2 Design a costing system for use within an organization. The world was hit by the recession in 2007. Now it is been more than six years but still many countries are not able to get rid of it and most of the countries are facing the after effects. The economy has been badly affected by the recession. And therefore business organisations are also giving more attention to the financial aspects of the firm. The business organisations are trying to be prepared for such kind of disasters by using various accounting tools that helps them to closely evaluate their performance whether it is financial or management performance. This also helps them to identify various opportunities. According to Datar et.al (2008) business organisations are giving more attention to cost accounting these days in order to make their financial as well as their strategic decisions. The costing system enables the organisation to easily record the expenses that have been incurred or will be incurred in future. But the other financial technique limits the business organisa tions to sales, marketing and human resource management and does not give the accurate cost of the business activities. There are different costing systems some of them are mentioned above but the three costing systems that are gaining more attention are very popular among business organisations are: Activities-Based Costing System Absorption Costing System Direct Costing System TESCO is a multinational grocery store with millions of turn-over every year; they have been using traditional costing system which is used to cover their huge sales. But now as the competition is increasing in the market due to globalisation and various other factors the number of challenged TESCO is facing is also increasing. Therefore the best costing system for TESCO is activity based costing or ABC system. According to Dekker (2003) the fundamental principle of the activity based costing revolves around value chain analysis and integrated cost evaluation and the sales information that is associated with the supply chain of the organisation. TESCO requires the main costing hub rather than small different departments. It has more than 30,000 products and therefore it is very difficult to keep track of all of them. Any business firm offering this much number of products cannot keep track of the cost and they can be in difficult situation due to overhead cost allocation. Activity based costing system has two divers volume based and non-volume based. The most suitable costing system for TESCO is activity based costing as it helps the organisation to get the exact summary of cost of sales. 1.3 Propose improvements to the costing and pricing systems used by an organization The competition-based pricing policy should be used by TESCO. This strategy helps the firm to finalize the price of the product after analysing the prices set by the other companies that are currently competing in the market. Therefore TESCO should first identify its present competitors that are giving it a cut throat competition. Than after calculating the costs of its products TESCO sets the price of each product. The prices are set either higher, lower or exactly the same prices that are offered by competitors. This decision is actually based on how the competitor will respond to the set price. If there are few competitors in the market than the response of the competitor is very important part of this pricing strategy. Because if this is the case than, when one competitor lowers the price the other competitor will also lower theirs in order to be more competitive. By using this this pricing policy the companies can relatively quickly set their prices and as this strategy does not require accurate market data therefore it requires very little effort to carry it out. Competitive pricing also makes distributors more receptive to a companys products because they are priced within the range the distributor already handles. Furthermore, this pricing policy enables companies to select from a variety of different pricing strategies to achieve their strategic goals. In other words, companies can choose to mark their prices above, below, or on par with their competitors prices and thereby influence customer perceptions of their products. 2.1. Apply forecasting techniques to make cost and revenue decisions in an organization Assumptions for Forecasted Income Statement: The revenues have increased by 5%. The cost of goods sold has increased by 2% The selling, general and admin expenses has been managed to bring down by 3% No further borrowing took place therefore interest expense is same Interest income, income on equity investment and non-operating income has increased by 1%. All the unusual items will be same. Income tax will be 25%. Minority interest in earning and earning from discounted operations will be same. NOTE: All the figures are rounded off to one decimal place. Currency (Millions of British Pounds) As of: Feb 25 2012 GBP % Change Feb 25 2013 GBP Revenue 64,539.0 5% 67,766.0 TOTAL REVENUE 64,539.0 67,766.0 Cost Of Goods Sold (cogs) 59,278.0 2% 60,464.0 GROSS PROFIT 5,261.0 7,302.0 Selling General Admin Expenses, Total (1,634.0) (3%) (1,585.0) Total OPERATING EXPENSES (1,634.0) (1,585.0) OPERATING INCOME 3,627.0 5717.0 Interest Expense (417.0) Same (417.0) Interest Income And Investment Income 114.0 1% 115.0 NET INTEREST EXPENSE (303.0) (302.0) Income On Equity Investments 91.0 1% 92.0 Other Non-Operating Income (Expenses) 44.0 1% 44.0 EBT 3,459.0 5,551.0 Impairment Of Goodwill Same Gain On Sale Of Assets 376.0 Same 376.0 Other Unusual Items Same EBT, INCLUDING UNUSUAL ITEMS 3,835.0 5927.0 Income Tax Expense 879.0 (25%) 1482.0 Minority Interest In Earnings (8.0) Same (8.0) Earnings From Continuing Operations 2,956.0 4,445.0 EARNINGS FROM DISCOUNTINUED OPERATIONS (142.0) Same (142.0) NET INCOME 2,806.0 4,295.0 NET INCOME TO COMMON INCLUDING EXTRA ITEMS 2,806.0 4,295.0 NET INCOME TO COMMON EXCLUDING EXTRA ITEMS 2,948.0 4,437.0 Assumptions for Forecasted balance Sheet: All assets will increase by 3% except the current assets. Current assets will increase by 5%. All current liabilities will increase by 4%. All long term liabilities will increase by 3.95%. Equity will increase by 5%. Currency in Millions of British Pounds As of: Feb 25 2012 GBP % Change Feb 25 2013 GBP Assets http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif Cash And Equivalents 2,305.0 5%http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif 2420.25 Short-Term Investments 1,243.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 1305.15 TOTAL CASH AND SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS 3,548.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 3725.4 Accounts Receivable 2,502.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 2627.1 Notes Receivable http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif Other Receivables 2,244.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 2356.2 TOTAL RECEIVABLES 4,746.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 4983.3 Inventory 3,598.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 3777.9 Prepaid Expenses 420.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 441 Other Current Assets 551.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 578.55 TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 12,863.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 13506.15 Gross Property Plant And Equipment 34,772.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3% 35815.16 Accumulated Depreciation -9,062.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3% -9333.86 NET PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 25,710.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3% 26481.3 Goodwill 3,449.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3% 3552.47 Long-Term Investments 1,949.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3% 2007.47 Accounts Receivable, Long Term 1,901.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3% 1958.03 Loans Receivable, Long Term http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3% Deferred Tax Assets, Long Term 23.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3% 23.69 Deferred Charges, Long Term 677.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3% 697.31 Other Intangibles 492.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3% 506.76 Other Long-Term Assets 3,717.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3% 3828.51 TOTAL ASSETS 50,781.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif 52304.43 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif LIABILITIES EQUITY http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif Accounts Payable 5,971.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif4% 6209.84 Accrued Expenses 2,612.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif4% 2716.48 Short-Term Borrowings 415.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif4% 431.6 Current Portion Of Long-Term Debt/Capital Lease 1,423.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif4% 1479.92 Current Portion Of Capital Lease Obligations 32.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif4% 33.28 Current Income Taxes Payable 416.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif4% 432.64 Other Current Liabilities, Total 8,412.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif4% 8748.48 TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 19,249.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif4% 20018.96 Long-Term Debt 9,777.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3.95% 10163.19 Capital Leases 134.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3.95% 139.293 Minority Interest 26.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3.95% 27.027 Pension Other Post-Retirement Benefits 1,872.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3.95% 1945.944 Deferred Tax Liability Non-Current 1,160.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3.95% 1205.82 Other Non-Current Liabilities 788.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3.95% 819.126 TOTAL LIABILITIES 32,980.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif3.95% 34319.36 Common Stock 402.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 422.1 Additional Paid In Capital 4,964.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 5212.2 Retained Earnings 12,164.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 12772.2 Treasury Stock -18.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% -18.9 Comprehensive Income And Other 263.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 276.15 TOTAL COMMON EQUITY 17,775.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif5% 18663.75 TOTAL EQUITY 17,801.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif 18,701.00 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY 50,781.0 http://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gifhttp://investing.businessweek.com/research/images/px.gif 52304.43 2.2 Assess the sources of funds available to an organization for a specific project: There are two sources of capital: Equity financing Retained earnings Public stock sale Partners Venture capital companies Corporations Debt financing: Asset based financing Vendor financing Commercial banks But all of the above sources are not suitable for Tesco. It already has floated its stocks in the market therefore only following few sources of funds available to Tesco: Retained earnings The retained earning directly affects the amount of dividend paid to the shareholders. Company can either use its profits as retained earnings or reinvest them or they can give it away as dividend. There are different reasons because of which it is better to use retained earnings to finance the new project instead of giving it as dividend such as company does not have to borrow it and then pay interest on the loan which will incur extra cost. The dividend policy is devised by the directors and they prefer to use retained earnings as an attractive source of fund. Bank lending: Banks are also another important source of funds these days. They lend money to business organisation and charge interest rate on it. The banks lend short term loans in terms of overdraft and short term loans. An overdraft is given by bank which company has to pay back within the set limits. The interest is charged but at a variable rate. Whereas the short term loan is the loan extended by bank for the period of up to three years. Medium loans are another type of loans that are given by banks for the time period of more than three years. The type of loan extended by the bank depends on the credit history of the company. Leasing: There are two types of parties in a lease agreement i.e. lessee and lessor. Lessor is the person who is the owner of the asset and lessee is the person who is willing to use that asset with the payment of certain amount of money. The agreement is signed between two parties after which lessee is allowed to use the asset but he has to make certain amount of payments for certain period of time. We can say that lease is another type of rental. There are different types of assets that can be leased out such as building, house, land furniture, equipment and vehicles etc. There are two different types of lease; operating lease and finance lease. Operating lease is the lease of the equipment for the specified period of time and the lessor has the responsibility of the maintenance of that equipment. The lease period is fairly short. Whereas in finance lease the agreement of lease is relatively long in most cases it is the expected life of the asset that is to be leased. Franchising: This is another attractive source of financing the new business venture for many business organisations. This method requires less financing for business organisation to expand. Two parties are involved in franchising agreement that is franchisor and franchisee. The franchisor gives a right to franchisee to operate its business using the franchisors name but in return franchisee has to pay certain amount of money. The franchisee has to pay an upfront fee to franchisor that covers the business set up cost and then monthly or yearly payments are made that is certain percentage of the franchisee profit. 3.1 select appropriate budgetary targets for an organization The budgeting is very important and essential part of any organisation as it is similar to financial plan that shows the allocation of the financial funds that are available to an organisation to different expenditures. The main drivers of the budget of any organisation are the mission, vision and objectives of that specific organisation. The budget of the business organisation includes different variables Revenues Expenses sales output operating cost fixed cost profits cash flow capital investment The budget of the organisation of the coming year is based on certain key assumptions that are made about the most likely business conditions of the organisation. This help to produce a detailed budget of the organisation which includes monthly sales level, the overall production and also the different expenditures. Business organisations should have flexible budget so that they can easily mould with changing external conditions. For example the actual sales can be higher than the expected value so it is important to change the budget and to increase the costs related to it such as overhead cost, variable cost, labour cost etc. 3.2 participate in the creation of a master budget for an organization Sales (in billions): 1st Quarter  £33,000 2nd Quarter  £30,000 3rd Quarter  £32,000 4th Quarter  £36,000 Costs (in billions): 1st Quarter  £29,000 2nd Quarter  £29,800 3rd Quarter  £29,970 4th Quarter  £31,250 Selling Expenses (in billions): Variable cost: 3% of Sales Fixed cost: (divided in fo

If you dont know where you are, you are no where :: Response Essays

Topic: A former president of the National Geographic Society once said, "If you don't know where you are, you are no where." Do you agree or disagree? I agree because I find that this quote is true. People who live day by day doing nothing, whether if it's hanging outside with friends in the street during school hours or late hours of the night, or attending school just for attendance, but sitting in class wasting time, going to work and not even doing a good job or the full work it requires are examples of people who are in comfort zones, a place where you are stuck in denial. I'll explain it for better understanding of what I mean. What if you're someone who doesn't feel much peer pressure and, in fact, doesn't feel much pressure to do anything at all? It can be just as bad, however, to go far in the other direction and become a total slug. You see, we also live in denial when we fail to admit to ourselves that we are not living up to our potential and are not creating something significant for our lives, so it is a bit similar when saying that if you don't know know where you are, you are no where because if you can't see what you are doing, you won't succeed. What I mean is that you stop reaching for a higher level of achievement and accomplishment and pretend that your life is okay. You get up, brush your happy hair, throw on some clothes, drag yourself out of your house, and go through the motions of your day. You think you're comfortable, but you're not as happy as you could be. You're in what I call a "comfort zone" and you pretend that it's okay, so you accomlish nothing to take you to higher goals, to make you go somewhere in life, and you end up going no where, and when you look back at everything you've been doing for so long, you don't feel so good about it as the way you thought you would because you have nothing to show for it, especially if you really don't know where you are going in life because life only rewards action and those who know what they want and have goals to achieve are going to get somewhere. Another point I would like to make about this

Problem of Young Generation Essay

Although some generational differences have existed throughout history, modern generational gaps have often been attributed to rapid cultural change in the postmodern period  ·Culture is not merely an accumulation of works and knowledge which an à ©lite produces, collates and conserves in order to place it within reach of all, or that a people rich in its  ·past and its heritage offers to others as a model which their  ·own history has failed to provide for them †¦ Culture is not  ·limited to access to works of art and the humanities ; it is at  ·one and the same time the acquisition of knowledge, the  Ã‚ ·Culture is the name for what people are interested in, their thoughts, their models, the books they read and the speeches they hear, their table-talk, gossip, controversies, historical sense and scientific training, the values they appreciate, the quality of life they admire. All communities have a culture. It is the climate of their civilization.  ·Today, teenagers spend more time in front of media than they do sleeping. Between Internet, facebook, cell phones, television and music, the teens are almost always plugged into the media. Media has significant influence over the formation of youth culture. The media culture is dangerous because it provides adults with a way to communicate to youth without permission slips or chaperones. The media culture is not interested in raising young people in virtue and character. Rather, the media exploits youth in order to make money at the expense of their moral character. To see an excellent documentary on how the media exploits youth culture, see the PBS Frontline documentary, Merchant’s of Cool.

5-Paragraph Essay

5-Paragraph Essay Learners are having loads of trouble in writing 5-paragraph essays these days, with the mounting load of homework, and occasionally, amateur careers; the students cannot probably put in writing their own 5-paragraph essays. There are some learners who sometimes do not encompass the capability or instant to write their 5-paragraph essays all by themselves. They have no knowledge about how and what to write. Countless students try to find 5-paragraph essays on the internet. If they duplicate from an author or site, it is copying. Thus, the students fruitlessly search for a solution to this dilemma. The response comes in the shape of the abundant online 5-paragraph essay writing corporations that aid people who could do with help in writing their 5-paragraph essays. Yet, this manner moreover has a negative aspect. Quite a lot of companies that declare to present good 5-Paragraph essays are swindling. They entangle the students in their lock in, rob their cash, and devastate their time. This is in all probability one of the small number of reasons why scholars etc. are frightened of obtaining aid from 5-paragraph essay writing corporations. These companies might appear everywhere and make fake undertakings for receiving wealth. Innocent students are green in distinguishing these companies and are ensnared by them. Nevertheless, we cannot allow this cause to turn into a barrier in their way for 5-paragraph essay writing. An individual can effortlessly save cash and avoid the threat by spotting these fraud companies, but the real difficulty comes in recognizing them. You can keep the following tips in mind while writing a 5-paragraph essay: 1. Stick to the topic of your essay. Do not wander off to other topics. 2.  Add quotations and give references if your essay requires it. 3.  Add your own opinions if and only if the essay requires it. It is always a good idea to ask your teacher beforehand. 4.  Start from a short definition or explanation of the topic. 5.  Be very sure of the data that you add in your essay. Search the internet or an encyclopedia. 6.  Keep in mind that the essay is meant to provide the reader a true account of all the happenings. In case of historical essays, be very sure of the names and places you are mentioning and take the help of a book or encyclopedia to be certain. 7.  Cut off the additional ‘fat’ from your essay to make it precise and accurate. 8.  Be to-the-point in your essay and avoid too many details. Nothing bores a reader as much as an essay with unending descriptions.

Creation Vs Evolution Essays - Evolutionary Biology, Free Essays

Creation Vs Evolution Essays - Evolutionary Biology, Free Essays Creation Vs Evolution There are many different life forms on earth. New species and different sub species are evolving every second as others die out. In order to explain the origin of life, people have used the bible story of creation, while others came up with their own theories. Out of all those theories, the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin seems to have the most supporting evidence to back it up. Evidence on earth suggests that single cell creatures are the ancestors of all life. These organisms slowly evolved into air breathing creatures when oxygen was created. Slowly, the as land dried up, these creatures moved away from the water and on to land where they evolved legs and a strong back bone. The theory of evolution by Charles Darwin explained how life evolved from survival of the fittest, it provides a logical explanation of the evolutionary process these creatures took, and how human came to be. Evidence on earth shows that single cell organisms eventually evolved to multicelled organisms and complex beings. If you look at old fossil records, the oldest fossils are all single cell creatures. These simple creatures do not require oxygen to live. It took in energy from the sun and other energy sources. Slowly as oxygen begins to appear on Earth, some of the organisms began to evolve lungs to breathe oxygen because When free oxygen entered the picture. Breathing is more efficient than drawing energy from the fermentation process that earlier microscope life used. (Science: Biology Pg. 36) Other organisms that did not evolve lungs either died out or went down to deeper depths of the ocean; Oxygen was first consider a pollutant by microscopic creatures. (Evolution Pg. 36) Because of the free Oxygen those who did not change were killed. The evolution through natural selection and survival of the fittest shows that Darwin theory is correct. Due to the lack of oxygen within the ocean , fish slowly evolved to the condition of land. Due to the sudden increase in the population of fish and other marine organism. Due to the sudden increase in the population of marines life, the oxygen level within the ocean decreased. Scientist believe that the lung fish evolved because of a lack of oxygen in the sea. The lung fish learned to rise from the sea and breathe in the oxygen necessary for survival. (Evolution evidence Pg. 38) As more land emerges and dry, rain collected and formed fresh water lakes and rivers. Some of the fish became stranded by the receding ocean. Many fish that became stranded died because they were not able to adapt to the new environment; those fish needed salt water to lived died. But some adapted to their environment. (Evolution Pg. 38) The lobe fin fish was another evolutionary path fish toke to avoid the lack of oxygen in the sea. Fossil record shows that lobe finned lung fish took another evolutionary pat h. (Microsoft Encarta Pg. 2) The lobe fin fish was almost capable of leaving the water. It only needed more muscles in the joints to be able to lift it self up, because of this many people believe that the lobe fin fish was the ancestor of early reptilian creatures. The different evolutionary paths the fish have taken shows that life changes in responses to different environmental conditions. Fossil records in South America, reveals that there are many sub species of the human race. The fossil of Neanderthal man was discover shortly after Darwin published his book on evolution.. The Neanderthal man was consider to be an ancestor of mankind because of the size of the skull which suggested that it had a small brain. The sloping forehead is also an indication that it is a ancestor of the human race. Not long after the discovery of the Neanderthal was found in the 1890's. This fossil was called the Java Man, the Java Man was not consider the missing link between humans and apes. (Evolution Pg. 102) The Java Man was too alike a normal human to be the missing link. The missing link is a fossil of a creature that is in a transitional state between it original form and it

Bond Yield Under Various Assumptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bond Yield Under Various Assumptions - Essay Example Nevertheless, the concept of the price of a zero coupon bond articulated in the PowerPoint slides and the concept of the present value are similar. One of the more important concepts in bond valuation is term to maturity. Term to maturity â€Å"specifies the date or number of years before a bond matures (or expires)† (Reilly and Brown, 2002, p. 697). Another important concept is the coupon of bond which â€Å"indicates the income that the bond investor will receive over the life (or holding period) of the issue† of a bond (Reilly and Brown, 2002, p. 697). Other than concepts term to maturity and coupon of bond, the other important concepts include the principal or the par value of the bond but the public is generally familiar with these concepts. II. Measures of Bond Yield Under Various Assumptions (and examples) There are at least five measures of bond yield. Each measure involves a set of assumptions. 1. Yield to Maturity (YTM) As pointed out by our PowerPoint slides, â€Å"Bond prices and interest rate risk†, the yield to maturity or YTM â€Å"is the yield promised to the bondholder if the bond held up to maturity and all coupons are reinvested at the promised yield† (Slide 17, â€Å"Bond prices and interest rate risk†). ... 214-215). Fabozzi (2008, p. 214) confirmed that yield to maturity â€Å"is the interest rate that will make the present value of the cash flow from a bond equal to its market price plus accrued interest.† Fabozzi (2008, p. 214) pointed out that â€Å"an iterative procedure is used to find the interest rate that will make the present value of the cash flows equal to the market price plus accrued interest.† Following the Fabozzi (2008, p. 214) example, suppose a bond with a face value of $100 promising payments of 7% per annum payable semi-annually or every six months is being sold at $94.17. Based on the parameters defined for the bond, the bond will earn for the bond buyer the value of $3.50 every six months plus $100 at the end of the eight year. Fabozzi (2008, p. 214) pointed out that when the discount rate used to obtain the present value of the payments from the bond is 3.5%, the present value of the bond is $100.00. When the discount rate of 3.6% is used to determi ne the present value of payments from bond, the present value of the bond is $98.80. When the discount rate of 3.7% is used, the present value of the bond is $97.62. When the discount rate of 3.8% is used, the present value of the bond is $96.45. When the discount rate of 3.9% is used, the present value of the bond is $95.30. Finally, when the discount rate of 4.0% is used, the present value of the bond is $94.17. Thus, based on these, Fabozzi (2008, p. 214) concluded that 4.0% is the price of the bond and â€Å"hence, 4.0% is the semi-annual yield to maturity.† All computations came from Fabozzi (2008). Thus, we can consider that the yield to maturity or YTM of the bond as the interest actually paid to the investment of $94.17 made by the buyer of bond and the cash flows of $3.50

Bilston case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bilston case study - Essay Example . In addition, the company must characterized some of the costs as fixed costs. The fixed cost are electricity, general and administrative, rent, depreciation expense, interest expense, and other factory costs. The company must some fo the costs as fixed costs. The variable cost are labor cost, raw materials, and repairs (Abele 2008). II. The standard contribution marging includes the variable costs and the fixed costs elements. Table 1 shows that the contribution margin for the wood screws is .0117. This is arrived at by deducting the variable costs from the revenues. The variable costs are the labour cost, raw materials costs, and the repairs costs. Table 2 shows that the contribution margin for Self Taffers is 0.0251. This is arrived at by deducting the variable costs from the revenues. The variable costs are the labour cost, raw materials costs, and the repairs costs. Table 3 shows that the contribution margin for the wood screws is .0118. This is arrived at by deducting the vari able costs from the revenues. The variable costs are the labour cost, raw materials costs, and the repairs costs. Display of the company’s Profit and loss account for 2009 in contribution format. Table 4 shows that company’s profits and loss account for 2009 for its wood screws products. The company generated profit of 295 for the said year. Table 5 shows the revenues of its self taffers products for the year 2009. Table 6 shows the company’s Nuts and Bolts division’s profits and loss account for 2009 for its wood screws products. The company generated a loss of (219) for the said year. Table 6 shows the revenues of its self taffers products for the year 2009. The above discussions show that the company did not fare well in the two remaining product lines. On the other hand, the company did well in one of the three products scrutinized (Besley, 2008). III. Discussion of the company’s proposal to drop one of its failing products. Starting in January 2010 (based on 2009 figures). The company should not drop the nuts and bolts in January 2010 if the basis for the dropping is the 2009 annual income statement result. Continuing with production of the nuts and bolts generates a lesser loss of only 219.00 However, dropping the nuts and bolts section of the company’s production department would force the company to continue paying the fixed expenses. The fixed expenses are higher than the net loss of only 219.00 (Dubrin, 2008). IV. Discussion on whether the company should reduce prices of the wood screws to ?2.25 in the second half of 2010. The company should drop the price from to the lower 2.25. The lower price will generate a higher volume of revenues from 750 units to the higher 1,000 units. In addition the results of operations at 2.25 is higher than the results of operations for the prior higher selling price of 2.45 (Khan, 2006). V. The company’s total company profit forecast for second half 2010 assuming the pri ce of woodscrews is dropped to ?2.25, again taking account of the variances. Table 7 shows that company’s woodscrews products will be sold at a lower selling price of ?2.25. The table 7 financial statement shows that reducing the price from 2.45 to 2.25 is a good management decision. The reduction in the selling prices generates an in crease in the revenues by 250,000 units. The results of operations for the 2.25 price is better than the result sof operations pegged at 2.45 price (Moyer, 2009). IV. Long term prospects for Bilston.The fixed